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Italia

Italia, oficialmente la República Italiana , es uno de los veintisiete estados soberanos que forman la Unión Europea. Su forma de gobierno es la república parlamentaria. Su territorio, con capital en Roma, se divide en veinte regiones formadas estas, a su vez, por 106 provincias. Italia se ubica en el centro del mar Mediterráneo, en Europa Meridional. Ocupa la península itálica, así como la llanura Padana, la islas de Sicilia y Cerdeña y alrededor de ochocientas islas menores entre las que se destacan las islas Tremiti en el mar Adriático, los archipiélagos Campano y Toscano en el mar Tirreno, o las islas Pelagias en África septentrional, entre otras. En el norte, está rodeada por los Alpes y tiene frontera con Francia, Suiza, Austria, y Eslovenia. Los Estados de San Marino y Ciudad del Vaticano son enclaves dentro del territorio italiano. A su vez, Campione d'Italia es un municipio italiano que forma un pequeño enclave en territorio suizo. Ha sido el hogar de muchas culturas europeas como la civilización nurágica, los etruscos, los griegos, los romanos y también fue la cuna del Humanismo y del Renacimiento, que comenzó en la región de Toscana y pronto se extendió por toda Europa. La capital de Italia, Roma, ha sido durante siglos el centro político y cultural de la civilización occidental. Además, es la ciudad santa para la Iglesia católica, siendo el Papa el obispo de Roma y encontrándose dentro de la ciudad el microestado del Vaticano. El significado cultural del país se refleja en todos sus Patrimonios de la Humanidad, ya que tiene 55, el país con mayor número del mundo.[6]​ Es el tercer país de la Unión Europea que más turistas recibe por año, siendo Roma la tercera ciudad más visitada.[7]​ Otras ciudades importantes son: Milán, centro de finanzas y de industria, y, según el Global Language Monitor, la capital de la Moda;[8]​ Nápoles, importante puerto en el Mediterráneo, capital histórica y ciudad más poblada del Mezzogiorno;[9]​ Turín, centro de industria automovilística y de diseño industrial. Italia es una república democrática, forma parte del G7 o grupo de las siete más grandes naciones avanzadas del mundo y es un país desarrollado con una calidad de vida muy alta, encontrándose en 2005 entre las siete primeras del mundo.[10]​ Es el país número 28 en materia de alto índice de desarrollo humano.[11]​ Es una potencia regional y mundial[12]​[13]​[14]​[15]​ miembro fundador de la Unión Europea, firmante del Tratado de Roma en 1957. También es miembro fundador de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte y miembro de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, del Consejo de Europa y de la Unión Europea Occidental. El país, y especialmente Roma, tiene una fuerte repercusión en temas de política y cultura, en organizaciones mundiales como la Organización para la Agricultura y la Alimentación ,[16]​ el Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola , el Glocal Forum,[17]​ o el Programa Mundial de Alimentos .

Catedral de Verona

Verona

La catedral de Verona es una catedral italiana de la ciudad de Verona que se construyó sobre las ruinas de dos iglesias paleocristianas que se derrumbaron en el 1117 debido a un terremoto. La catedral fue completamente reconstruida en estilo románico y consagrada el 13 de septiembre de 1187. Su estructura se ha modificado con el tiempo por varias reconstrucciones sucesivas, lo que sin embargo no se tradujo en cambios en la planta.

Catedral de San Martín (Lucca)

Luca (Italia)

La catedral de San Martín ? es un templo católico de la ciudad italiana de Lucca, sede arzobispal. La catedral está dedicada a san Martín de Tours, se halla frente a la Plaza San Martín. Según la tradición, el primer templo fue edificado por San Frediano, santo originario de Luca muerto en 588. El obispo Anselmo mandó construir la catedral en 1063, quien la consagró en presencia de la condesa Matilde de Canossa. A finales del siglo XII se inició la tercera y definitiva reconstrucción de la iglesia, con la realización de la fachada, alternándose las obras hasta su finalización en 1637. La iglesia adquirió su forma actual con el arquitecto Antonio Pardini. El templo posee un rico interior con numerosas obras de arte como un relieve con la Deposizione de Nicola Pisano, del siglo XIII, el monumento fúnebre Da Noceto e Bertini realizado por Matteo Civitali del siglo XV, la Madonna con Bambino e Santi de Domenico Ghirlandaio, también del siglo XV, la Última Cena de Tintoretto, y el Monumento funerario de Ilaria del Carretto obra maestra de Jacopo della Quercia. Sin embargo, el objeto más importante de la catedral es el antiguo crucifijo de la Santa Faz .

Santa Maria dei Servi, Bologna

Bolonia

For the church with same name in Siena, see Santa Maria dei Servi, SienaSanta Maria dei Servi is a Roman Catholic basilica in Bologna, Italy. It was founded in 1346, as the church of the Servite Community of the Blessed Virgin Mary and was designed by Andrea da Faenza, a head friar and architect who also assisted Antonio di Vincenzo on the monumental Basilica of San Petronio. In the 20th century, Pope Pius XII granted the church the status of "basilica".

Santi Vittore e Carlo, Genoa

Génova

Santi Vittore e Carlo is a Baroque style church on Via Balbi in central Genoa, Italy. Originally belonging to the Discalced Carmelite Order, the church was constructed in the shape of a Latin Cross between 1629 and 1635 from a design by Bartolomeo Bianco. Designs by Eugenio Durazzo were incorporated in 1743 with the construction of a façade. Inside the church are a number of works of 17th- and 18th-century artists, including the wooden sculptures Madonna of the Carmine and Angels and Saints and paintings by Andrea Carlone , Lorenzo De Ferrari , Orazio De Ferrari , Giovanni Maria delle Piane and Domenico Piola . The main altar is the remnant of a destroyed church of San Domenico. Domenico Parodi painted the figure of "Virtue", but many of the decorations were overseen by Maurice Dufour in the last decade of the 19th century, 1890–1898.

Chiostro dello Scalzo

Florencia

The Chiostro della Scalzo or is a cloister in Florence, Italy that originally led to a chapel once belonging to a religious company known as the Compagnia del diciplinati di San Giovanni Battista or della Passione di Cristo. The term "scalzo" makes reference to the barefoot brother who carried the Cross during its public processions. "Compagnia" was the name given to these Florentine congregations of layman who contributed towards defending Roman Catholicism. Each company had a different practice: the "Laudesi" promoted prayer through the singing of hymns, those for the doctrine taught catechism to children, while the charitable companies offered assistance to the poor. The Compagnia della Scalzo was a disciplined confraternity that practiced penance, often in the form of self-flagellation. The Compagnia della Scalzo was established in 1376, and used the church of San Giovannino dei Cavalieri on the via San Gallo as early as 1390 for its meetings. When the company purchased land behind this church in the first half of the 15th century, it proceeded towards creating its own premises, which included a chapel , the cloister and entrance still visible today. Back in 1455, it underwent a reform approved by the bishop of Florence, Antoninus, who was made saint in 1523 and who is portrayed in the painted terra-cotta bust now placed in front of the former doorway that led to the chapel. The brothers wore black hoods with holes to see through and a heavy, black over garment tied around the waist with a white cord; such apparel is documented in the polychrome glazed terra-cotta relief depicting St. John the Baptist and Two Brothers over the entrance to the cloister from via Cavour. Every first Sunday of the month the company organized a procession and every June 24, the festivities in honor of the city's and its own patron saint, John the Baptist, which today see events like the famous fireworks .

San Francesco, Mantua

Mantua

The Chiesa di San Francesco is a Roman Catholic church located in the historic center of Mantua, Italy, at Piazza San Francesco d'Assisi 5. The church was founded by the Franciscan Order in 1304 but it was not consecrated until 1459, when Pope Pius II performed the ceremony. Suppressed in 1782, it was sacked in 1797, during the Napoleonic Wars, and turned into an arsenal in 1811. Still in military use when World War II began, it was devastated by bombardment during the war. The Cappella Gonzaga, with its frescoes depicting the life of St. Louis of Toulouse , was saved and recently restored. These frescoes were supposed to have been painted by Serafino de' Serafini, an artist who was active in Modena during the 14th Century. The church was reconstructed in Romanesque and Gothic styles. Now visible are some of the original frescoes depicting St. Francis Receives the Stigmata by Stefano da Verona. Andrea Mantegna's work St. Bernardino of Siena between Two Angels was originally here but it is now at the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, Italy. In the Cappella Gonzaga, built between 1369 and 1484, were buried: Guido Gonzaga, 2nd capitano del popolo of Mantua. Ludovico II Gonzaga, 3rd capitano del popolo of Mantua. Francesco I Gonzaga, 4th capitano del popolo of Mantua. Margherita Malatesta, second wife of Francesco I Gonzaga. Gianfrancesco Gonzaga, 5th capitano del popolo of Mantua. Rodolfo Gonzaga, son of Ludovico III, 2nd Marquis of Mantua. Francesco Cardinal Gonzaga, son of Ludovico III, 2nd Marquis of Mantua.Also at the church were buried other notables: Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, the condottiero, buried in full armor in 1526. Blessed Alberto Gonzaga in 1321. Guido Torelli, the founder of the noble family of Torelli, in 1449. Cristoforo I Torelli, son of Guido, in 1460. Francesco Secco, the condottiero who owned the family chapel, in 1496.

Sant'Onofrio, Rome

Lacio

Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo is a titular church in Trastevere, Rome. It is the official church of the papal order of knighthood Order of the Holy Sepulchre. A side chapel is dedicated to the Order and a former grand master, Nicola Canali is entombed there. It is dedicated to Saint Onuphrius and located on the Janiculum. It was built in 1439 on the site of an ancient hermitage, as part of a cloistered monastery of the Hieronymites that existed here from the 15th-16th century. The attached cloister was added in the mid-15th century. A member of the College of Cardinals is sometimes given title to the church, that is, designated cardinal deacon or cardinal priest of Sanr'Onofrio. The last to hold the title was Cardinal Carlo Furno from 1994 to 2015.

Santa Maria Assunta, Sarnano

Sarnano

Santa Maria Assunta is a Roman Catholic collegiate church located in the Piazza Alta of the town of Sarnano, province of Macerata, region of Marche, Italy.